Rocket Boys Essay Example For Students

Rocket Boys Essay Rocket Boys, an energizing diary of a gathering of young men who are keen on rocketry, was composed by Homer Hickam Jr. This personal book tells about Homers experiences with his rocketry companions. While Homer is propelling these rockets, he manages such issues as school, companions, and his broken family. His dad, the director of the nearby coalmine, objects to his structure of rockets, and needs him to turn into an excavator. His mom, then again, is encouraging on Homer since she realizes that the mine is perilous and can slaughter her child. Indeed, even with such a great amount of going on around him, Homer and the rocket young men continue building and shooting off rockets. This story occurred in Coalwood, a mining town in the West Virginian mountains, and in the encompassing towns. This story happened around 1957 to 1961 and secured Homers whole secondary school years. There were some significant occasions in this book. The principal occasion occurred in 1957 when the awestruck Homer looked as the Russian satellite Sputnik floated over Coalwood as it made its unbelievable circle around the earth. This propelled Homer to begin building and propelling rockets. The second significant occasion in this book came about when a rocket that was propelled by the young men really flew. Up until this point, the entirety of their rockets had quite recently been duds. Their joy was muted however, when they discovered that the rocket had struck one of the mines numerous manufacturing plants. Homers father was insulted and forebade him to dispatch further rockets on organization property, which comprised of about everything inside a two-mile sweep of the town. Another significant occasion was when Homer won the national science reasonable. This was the last fixing required for the rocket young men to be acknowledged by the town. Lamentably, it took the entirety of their secondary school a long time to accomplish this. The last significant occasion in this story unfolded when Homers father, who had protested his starting of rockets, propelled the last rocket the rocket young men made before they set off for college. This was the farthest rocket they at any point propelled, and Homers father apologized for the manner in which he had acted and advised Homer to go out and pursue his fantasy. The most energizing piece of this book was when Homer went to the national science reasonable. It was very intense, and I wasnt sure if Homer was going to win the reasonable. In the event that this book were a fiction book, it is anything but difficult to figure that Homer would win the reasonable, but since this was an account, it was not all that anticipated. Homer is a notable individual since he is living verification that on the off chance that you invest sufficient effort, you can accomplish your objective. He likewise added to the NASA space program is as yet working with NASA today. From perusing this book I learned not just authentic things, for example, how to figure how high a rocket voyages or the correct method to blend a touchy, yet in addition how to manage any family issues and what a kinship implies. These things are essential to know for an incredible duration. The writer certainly had a reason recorded as a hard copy this book, and that was to show the peruser, regardless of whether youthful or old, these significant exercises. Of the considerable number of realities given in this book, I would not differ with any of them, in light of the fact that the individual composing this book is a specialist. I was unable to discover anything even remotely amiss with his composition. I altogether delighted in this book, since it is tied in with something I can identify with. I am keen on rocketry, and assemble my own rockets. I would prescribe this book to anybody with an objective, since it sends the message that in the event that you make a decent attempt you can achieve it. The perusing level in this book is troublesome, and yet, any hard jargon is clarified sometime in the not too distant future. With everything taken into account, this was a fabulous book

Both Sides Of The Abortion Issue Essays - Abortion,

The two Sides of the Abortion Issue During the past 25 years, premature birth has joined race and war as one of the most easily proven wrong subject of debate in the United States. It talks about human communication where morals, feelings and law meet up. Fetus removal represents an ethical, social and clinical issue that faces numerous people to make an enthusiastic and brutal climate. There are numerous perspectives toward premature birth yet the main two fine differentiations are professional decision and master life. A genius choicer would feel that the choice to prematurely end a pregnancy is that of the moms and the state has no option to meddle. A professional lifer would hold that from the snapshot of origination, the undeveloped organism or hatchling is alive. This life forces on us an ethical commitment to save it and that premature birth is commensurate to kill (Kolner 5). In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in fetus removal. Ladies with wages under eleven thousand are more than multiple times more probable to prematurely end than those with wages over twenty-5,000. Unmarried ladies are four to multiple times bound to prematurely end than wedded and the fetus removal rate has multiplied for 18 and multi year olds. As of late the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent generally yet the pace of premature birth among young ladies more youthful than 15 hopped 18 percent. The rate among minority adolescents moved from 186 for each 1,000 to 189 for every 1,000. The most famous method engaged with premature births is the vacuum yearning which is finished during the principal trimester (a quarter of a year or less since the ladies has gotten pregnant). A cylinder is basically embedded through the cervix and the substance of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most ordinarily utilized sort of second trimester fetus removal is called widening and clearing. Since the embryo has bones, mass and can move, second trimester isn't as straightforward. When as a great part of the embryo and placenta are vacuumed out at that point tweezers are utilized to expel bigger parts. After this, or the start of the fifth month premature birth is not kidding and really prompted as labor. That is, the mother is given substances which places her in the process of childbirth and conveys the embryo as she would a full-term infant. Around 40 percent of Americans accept that fetus removal ought to stay legitimate and 40 percent accept it ought to be prohibited aside from when the pregnancy undermines the life of the mother or is the consequence of assault or interbreeding. Likewise 15 percent b eveit ought to be unlawful in all cases. Despite the fact that fetus removal is viewed as a ladies' correct, it ought to be restricted with exemptions since it's viewed as murder, has numerous mental reactions and there is another option. Premature birth is a ladies' own privilege and decision. In 1973 the Roe v. Swim choice demonstrated this by perceiving premature birth as a basic constitution right and made it lawful in all states. The law presently allows fetus removal at the solicitation of the ladies with no limitations in the principal trimester and a few limitations in the subsequent trimester to secure the ladies' wellbeing. The National Abortion Right Act League contends that without lawful fetus removal ladies would be prevented their sacred right from claiming protection and freedom. The ladies' entitlement to her own body subordinates those of the embryo and the U.S. Incomparable Court in Roe v. Swim contended that the ladies' entitlement to security overruled the baby's entitlement to life. On the off chance that fetus removal was unlawful it would drive poor ladies to hold up under and bring up youngsters they can't bear to raise. There would be various hazardous premature births in back partners. It would likewise compel ladies to surrender their fantasies and remain at home to raise babies. To top it all off, it would sentence casualties o apeand interbreeding to convey and sustain the posterity of their rapist.(Kolner 5) Abortion is vital for ladies to have authority over their own bodies and life. One lobbyist stated, In the event that I hadn't had that fetus removal my life would have been a catastrophe. I wouldn't have made it to clinical school. I was hitched by then to a extremely sick man and it would have been horrible to must have my infant. Individuals who need premature births are in a strife and it's actually a life-sparing thing.(Blender 4) To overlook the privileges of others is narrow minded what's more, foul play. Ladies must reserve the option to control the elements of their own bodies. Revern George Gardiner minister of the school Hill United Methodist Church, told the committee that the weapons would have done nearly nothing great. Young ladies need the opportunity to settle on decisions for their regenerative life

Summer 2016 information session schedule COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer 2016 information session schedule COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Summer officially begins today in the United States, and to kick things off I wanted to remind our eager applicants that SIPAs Office of Admissions Financial Aid is still open for business. So stop by from 9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m., Monday Friday, excluding holidays, to speak with an admissions or financial aid staff member. (Dont feel pressured to make an appointment as we only accept walk-ins.) If youd like to learn more about our two-year degree programs and how to prepare your application, I encourage you to sign up for an upcoming information session. Heres the schedule: SIPA MIA, MPA, MPA-DP Information Session Friday, June 24 at 12:00 PM Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs New York, NY SIPA MIA MPA Virtual Information Session Wednesday, June 29 at 12:00 PM SIPA MIA, MPA, MPA-DP Information Session Friday, July 29 at 12:00 PM Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs New York, NY SIPA MIA, MPA, MPA-DP Information Session Friday, August 19 at 12:00 PM Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs New York, NY SIPA MIA MPA Virtual Information Session Tuesday, August 23 at 10:00 AM SIPA MIA, MPA, MPA-DP Information Session Monday, August 29 at 6:00 PM SIPA Office of Admissions Financial Aid New York, NY Were also hosting a handful of special grad fairs this summer: APSIA Virtual Graduate School Fair Thursday, July 21 at 10:00 AM Summerfest DC June 2016 Thursday, June 23 at 5:30 PM Johns Hopkins University SAIS Washington, DC *features an alumni panel with other top graduate schools Summerfest NYC 2016 Wednesday, July 20 at 5:30 PM Columbia University  SIPA New York, NY *features an alumni panel with other top graduate schools Summerfest DC July 2016 Thursday, July 14 at 5:30 PM Johns Hopkins University SAIS Washington, DC *features an alumni panel with other top graduate schools Looking for more events? Bookmark our  recruitment calendars and check back frequently for updated listings. P.S. Need a summer pick-me-up? Then watch the video below to see why one particular snowman loves the idea of summer! [Photo Credit: Disney, Frozen]

National Parks in California From Seashores to Deserts

HOW CAN WE STOP THE ABUSE OF THE AMERICAN WELFARE SYSTEM...

HOW CAN WE STOP THE ABUSE OF THE AMERICAN WELFARE SYSTEM? It is well known that the Social Security Act of 1935 created a federally financed and federally administered retirement insurance program for people who had worked in certain sectors of the economy and had paid payroll taxes on their wages. What is less known is that the Act also created a federally financed but state-administered program called Aid to Dependent Children (â€Å"ADC,† later to become Aid to Families with Dependent Children, or â€Å"AFDC†)? As Sheldon H. Danziger and Jeffrey S. Lehman stated in â€Å"Welfare†, â€Å"When Americans speak of â€Å"welfare† or â€Å"relief† they are usually alluding to ADC and its successor programs. From the outset, the design and implementation of ADC†¦show more content†¦The opposition to entitlements was partially based on religion and partially on the American credo of â€Å"individuals working hard and reaping the rewards†. Gradually, the concept of working for welfare checks , particularly among able bodied males, gained wide acceptance. This concept of doing some kind of work for volunteer/nonprofit organizations and municipalities came to be known as â€Å"Workfare†. The greatest impetus, however, for the political movement away from the entitlement credo was the perceived wide-spread abuse of the welfare system. The â€Å"Welfare Cadillac and Mink Coat† motifs were used so often that they became part of the pantheon of â€Å"Urban Legends†. Faced with public outcries and indignation, the Federal Government completely overhauled the welfare system in 1996. However, even with the 1996 overhaul, the welfare system is often perceived as being abused. The questions become: †¢ Can we identify the areas of abuse? †¢ Can prevention of the abuse be mandated or legislated? †¢ Can training/education/employment programs lessen or stop the abuse? †¢ Can we stop/lessen abuse without injuring innocent bystanders (young children, etc)? One of the major welfare abuses is â€Å"double-dipping† (working and illegally continuing to receive welfare and/or food stamp benefits). Double-dipping costs the welfare system millions of dollars annually. Cooperation between local welfare and law enforcement agencies canShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Idea Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients1510 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of drug testing welfare recipients, the most important thing I leaned is that Kline and colleagues surveyed substance use among a representative sample of welfare recipients in New Jersey. They found that 12 percent admitted that they used cocaine, but 25 percent tested positive for cocaine use based on hair sample analyses. Now that I know that, I can better understand the larger issue that the drug epidemic is monumental in the United States, and unfortunately we can not simply take peoplesRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreez Arann Ms. Holiday English 12 11/04/15 Mandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients When the United States’ welfare program was created during the Great Depression, it was meant to temporarily relieve the burdens of the one-fourth of American families who were unemployed, and struggling financially. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agenciesRead MoreWelfare Recipients Drug Tested1311 Words   |  6 PagesThere has been an ongoing controversy as to whether welfare recipients should have to have drug testing done. Drug testing will ensure that recipients will not abuse the money they’re given by the government. Having people on welfare take drug test is advantageous because it could save the system money, it would help social workers identify children who are around drug abuse, and it would deter people from purchasing and using illegal drugs; however, it does have a downside such as people who are Read MoreEvolution of the Typical American Family Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe American family has come a long way and has changed a lot overtime. Liberals and conservatives have their own views on the American family today. It is very tough to raise a family nowadays. However, there are some easier ways to raise a family today as well. Some of the things that I will talk about are divorce and its effects, welfare, abusiveness on children and wives, and a couple of articles in the book, Families in the U.S. One tough thing about todays American family is divorceRead MoreEssay on Enough Immigration1520 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration Why should the United State’s allow any more immigrants to come in? There are enough people here as is; we don’t need the waste of other countries coming into ours to take up our space and use up all of our resources. We as American’s have rights to our land; the privilege to be an American is losing its sense of worthiness with the increased number of immigrants becoming Americans. The borders of the United States are too open, the U.S. should enforce a lot more security and responsibilityRead MoreEssay on Making Drug Testing Mandatory for Welfare1381 Words   |  6 Pagesaid called â€Å"welfare† that helps struggling people by offering financial support. Welfare is a federally funded program that helps citizens that are in financial trouble, with the intention of being a sort of â€Å"stand in† for income until a person is able to get back on their feet and find a new source of employment. This program started back in 1930’s as a response to the financial hit many people with a family took as a result of the Great Depression. There are multiple types of welfare that giveRead More Welfare - Greedy Mothers and Lazy Families Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare - Greedy Mothers and Lazy Families   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Millions of Americans are signed up for welfare; the program designed to aid poor and needy families. Unfortunately, it has now become a way of life for many. Many argue that welfare is not destroying our culture and creating a dependent people who have learned to abuse certain privileges that come with living in America, but history has proven that this is not true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When President Clinton signed the welfare reform bill, he said TodayRead MoreDrug Testing and Public Assistance1299 Words   |  5 Pagesa federal program and service, provided to the needy by the federal government. These federal programs are meant to assist government, organizations, and individuals in all areas such as health, public safety, education, and public welfare. These various programs can typically reach over $400 billion annually; and are provided through many federal agencies. Perhaps the most controversial these days is drug testing for public assistance and temporary assistance for needy families or Supplemental NutritionRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effect On Children Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we turn on the news or pick up a newspaper, there is a high chance that we will read another horror story about a maltreated child. It seems as long as bad people are in this world, abuse and neglect will always exist. While statistics show that maltreatment cases have decreased, we wonder if that really is the case . Many people feel that both the police and programs created to protect children have failed. Although, we might not be able to stop maltreatment altogether, there is still room forRead MoreThe Ride Along Experience Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesAlong Experience Maddie Heth Michelle Emerson-Lewis CRJ 110 – 102 During my ride along with Officer McNairy of the Castle Rock Police department we had two cases of harassment, one welfare case, and one traffic violation that we worked on. Both harassment cases were easy enough, as was the traffic violation which we let go with just a warning. Welfare cases don’t normally go to police officers to manage, but on the day of my ride along one was. I had a very good time during my ride along and will

What is recruitment and selection Free Essays

What is recruitment and selection? [In other words, the process where an organization collect a number of people who met requirements and qualified for that organization] Selection is†¦.. During both processes RS, an organization has to justify why they are going to choose particular methods to recruit and select people in a capable pool, that is to say, what elements or what under considerations which they use to influence their decisions before recruiting and selecting people Attraction and Retention The definition of recruitment is the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply an organization for employment. We will write a custom essay sample on What is recruitment and selection? or any similar topic only for you Order Now therefore this means that there is a need to generate people’s interest to apply for the job. This means that people have choice to choose This is why an organization has to consider this strategic choice. To be precise, attraction means†¦. For the internal sources this is associated with retention which means When considering attraction and retention strategy, an organization might first of all apply the concept of Fitting the person to the environment, organization As this diagram illustrates In an organization Whereas HR plocies will be designed to achevive particular organizational targets and goals, those policies also provide an opportunity for individual needs to emerge and be satisfied. This view assumes that a fit between a person and the environment can be found so that commitment and performance are enhance (Kristof, 1996). This not only gives a high performance advantages but also lead to â€Å"retention† Criticism However, commentator have Doubted whether such mutuality could develop on the basis of equality because organizational need would always be superiority. In typical form of profit-organistaion, the issue of profits maybe considered outweight individual needs. Competencies Another important element when considering attraction and retention strategy in recruitment and selection is to set out, what is it referred as â€Å"competencies† which are developed within the organization. A set of behavior patterns that the incumbent needs to bring to a position in order to perform its tasks an functions with competence. (The ability, skills and knowledge obtained by candidates and relevantly required and matched with organizational goals and targets) For instance, In large financial services organisations in the UK set out its competencies for example self-control †¦. etc If we look at Lloyds TBS’s, one of large financial services, it provides its vision and projected image of its organisation that How to cite What is recruitment and selection?, Essay examples

Services Marketing Promotional Requirements

Question: Discuss about the Services Marketingfor Promotional Requirements. Answer: Introduction: Emergence of internet and smartphones has provided a new dimension to the way businesses are conducted in the global market. It has provided variety of options to the organizations for fulfilling their marketing and promotional requirements. Quick response (QR) codes are among the most advanced marketing tools that has provided a complete new experience to the customers (Yadav and Dabhade 2013). It requires 3G enable device, phone camera for enabling customers to connect with specific content or information immediately. QR codes are generally printed on the products that can provide excellent opportunity for the organizations to advertise in the market. The study aims to elaborate consumer decision-making process related to QR codes. It also looks to highlight the significance of QR codes in service marketing sector. It describes the way QR codes bypass different layers of distribution to create desired impact on the market. Finally, it will look identify different forms of other int eractive content that can keep the satisfaction level of the consumer at the desired order. Stages of Consumer Decision-making Process for the QR Codes: As emphasized by Lusch and Vargo (2014) consumer decision-making process reflects the way people assess, gather and make choices from several alternative options. In the present competitive business environment, it has become essential for the businesses to understand the consumer decision-making process in an effective manner. Otherwise, it can have major impact on the overall business level of the organization. Consumer decision-making process involves six basic steps including demographic, psychological and social characteristics. Now, initiation of QR codes will have direct impact on the psychological aspect of the decision-making process of the customers. It has been assessed that QR codes allow customers direct access to the content they are looking, which will encourage the consumers to utilize the QR codes more frequently. Furthermore, as QR codes often leader to supermarket coupon or other promotional prize, it keeps the consumers satisfied with the provided quality of servi ces. Now, by impact psychological aspect of the customer, QR codes will enhance the effectiveness of the information search for alternative evaluation (Grnroos and Gummerus 2014). Thus, it allow consumers to access best possible options more often, which is likely to create positive impact on the business procedure. Moreover, QR codes are also likely to create positive impact on the post-purchase behavioral aspect of the consumers, as they are likely to remain satisfied with the provided services. Marketing Opportunity for QR codes in Service Sector: As per the article by Wilson et al. (2012), effective utilization of marketing and promotional technique is essential for creating desired impact on the service sector. For that reason, different service sector organizations utilize different tools and techniques for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Now, QR codes often provide detail explanation regarding the use and benefits of a particular product or service. It also provides all the detailed information regarding a specific service provided by a company. Therefore, it allows consumers to understand what to expect from the organization correctly. For instance, United Airlines has initiated 2D QR codes for digital boarding passes so that customers do not have to worry about anything. On the other hand, Google places also have initiated QR codes for capturing all the detailed information about the local businesses correctly. The case study has highlighted Gallerie, as it had captured around 200,000 consumers database witho ut any advertisement in mainstream platform (Schultz, Patti and Kitchen 2013). It highlights the fact that effective use of QR codes is likely to provide detailed information about the potential consumers. It will create positive impact on the overall effectiveness of the business procedure. Process for QR Codes for Bypassing multiple Layers of Distribution: The case study has highlighted the fact that QR codes can streamline the operational process and their customers can capture in-depth information about the business procedure. On the other hand, use of QR codes allows organizations to provide a unique number to all the products. As a result, it has reduced any possibility of confusion regarding the identification of products and services (Huotari and Hamari 2012). It has been assessed that QR codes are extremely popular in the e-commerce sector has it allows the right product to reach right destination at the right time. Hence, it helps to keep all the consumers satisfied with the provided quality of services. Thus, QR codes allow organizations to keep track about all the consumer data, which eventually eliminated the significance of intermediaries in the distribution procedure. It has allowed organizations to reduce the layers related to the distribution process. Impact of QR Codes in minimizing Perceived Risk of the Customers in Service Sector: QR codes allow consumers to access detailed information about all the products and services. For instance, it allows consumers to extract information regarding the kind of ingredients are used at the time of making products. It also allows consumers to assess the expiry date of a particular product and kind of impact it can have on the overall health. Therefore, QR codes will help to remove any confusion regarding the quality of a particular product or service, which is likely to minimize the perceive risk level of the consumers in a major way. Gummesson and Grnroos (2012) have highlighted different types of risks including functional risk, social risk, financial risk, physical risk and psychological risk associated with the service marketing procedure. Now, QR codes is liked to create major impact on the psychological, social and functional risk of the consumers, as they will have detailed information about the quality of the provided services. Other Form of Interactive marketing Content for Supporting Service Operation and Consumer Satisfaction: Huge success of QR codes in service marketing process has induced different other types of marketing tools to emerge within the market. It has been assessed that interactive marketing content is extremely successful in drawing the attention of the customers (Bitner and Wang 2014). On the other hand, it is among the cheapest marketing and promotional tools that organizations can utilize for creating desired impact on the market. For that reason, several small organizations as well are looking to use interactive marketing content for keeping the satisfaction level of the consumers at the desired level (Ndubisi 2013). There are several interactive marketing content including NFC, iBeacons, Clickable papers, Google goggles and SnapTag that organizations can utilize for keeping the customers satisfied with the provided products and services (Grnroos and Voima 2013). It has been assessed that all the mentioned interactive marketing contents has already created major impact on the overall b usiness procedure of the service organization. For that reason, QR codes can be regarded as the future marketing tools for keeping the satisfaction level of the consumers. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that QR codes can actually create major impact on the overall business procedure of the organization. Increasing popularity of internet has provided different way for organizations to provide required information to the consumers. It has helped to enhance the popularity of the promotional tools like QR coding for creating desired impact on the market. The study has also highlighted the fact that QR coding can simplify the distribution procedure in a major way, which is likely to create positive impact on the service marketing organization. References: Bitner, M.J. and Wang, H.S., 2014. 11. Service encounters in service marketing research.Handbook of service marketing research, p.221. Grnroos, C. and Gummerus, J., 2014. The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic.Managing service quality,24(3), pp.206-229. Grnroos, C. and Voima, P., 2013. Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation.Journal of the academy of marketing science,41(2), pp.133-150. Gummesson, E. and Grnroos, C., 2012. The emergence of the new service marketing: Nordic School perspectives.Journal of Service Management,23(4), pp.479-497. Huotari, K. and Hamari, J., 2012, October. Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. InProceeding of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference(pp. 17-22). ACM. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Ndubisi, N.O., 2013. Role of gender in conflict handling in the context of outsourcing service marketing.Psychology Marketing,30(1), pp.26-35. Schultz, D., Patti, C.H. and Kitchen, P.J., 2013.The evolution of integrated marketing communications: The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012.Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill. Yadav, R.K. and Dabhade, N., 2013. Service marketing triangle and GAP model in hospital industry.International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences,8, pp.77-85.

Fallen Angels free essay sample

Talking about a basketball tournament: l wanted to win badly. I knew I was going into the army, but for me that was a kind of defeat. My plans, maybe Just my dreams really, had been to go to college and to write like James Baldwin. All the other guys in the neighborhood thought I was going to college. I wasnt, and the army was the place I was going to get away from all the questions. I wanted to win that tournament, to walk away from the streets I had been raised in with my head high, a winner. This part of the story appeals to me because I can relate to Richie. I also play basketball and have felt this same way about a tournament many times. My plans, and dreams, are to go to college and possibly be a writer. I have been told I am an excellent writer if I put my mind to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Fallen Angels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A lot of my friends and teammates think I am going to college Just like Richie. I might not be going into the army but I do want to get away from all the questions and drama. I have always wanted to win, no matter what I am playing, or doing. I will always walk with my head held high, hopefully as a winner. This part in the story tells us about he main character, Richie Perry, and how he decided to go into the army. 2. To me, Richies most difficult choice was Joining the army in the first place. Yea, he was coming from a rough family with not a lot of money but he, at first, wanted to go to college and move on to bigger and better things. There was a way for him though to go to college. Richie wanted to be a writer so if he doesnt decide to Join the army, in a few years he could be a famous writer. He also played basketball. He could have earned a basketball scholarship and move to higher levels of the game. Maybe the rmy wasnt the best choice for Richie, but maybe going to college or staying home in that rough neighborhood wouldnt be a good one either. I believe he had many tough decisions but this was his toughest. 3. Physically Richie is in pretty bad shape at the end of the book. He is a hero but he is heavily wounded. He had a tough battle at the end of the book where he was shot a few times but kept going on to save his squad members. Emotionally He has changed a lot from beginning to end. I think that he treasures life more now because he saw some of his friends out there die in battle. He also realizes how he really feels about his family and how he actually loves them and cares for them more now than he knew before. Socially At first, Richie seemed like a pretty shy guy and kind of stayed off to himself. Now at the end, he has many friends in the army and is popular amongst all of the guys. He now isnt too shy and is able to talk and have conversations with people. 4. Richie Perry seems like a pretty cool guy. He doesnt seem to be big headed or talk down on anyone, Just a friendly guy. From what I have read, I would try to make friends with him. I believe that he is a genuine person. He seems to care about all of his squad members, friends, and family. It seems as if he would take a bullet for someone but also watches his own back and cares about his life which is good. He leads an honorable lite. He earned a Red Badge ot Courage tor his honorable choices in Vietnam and he is always looking out for his brother, Kenny. Richie Just really seems like a good person and someone you would want to fight next to in a war. He would have your back. 5. I thought that the title didnt really make sense with the book itself. Yes, people died fell) but they werent really angels. This didnt really seem like the best bunch of people. I did think that the title was clever though. I think a better title might be Fallen Soldiers. When I first read the title Fallen Angels, I didnt really think it was a book about war. If it was soldiers, then I think the book would get more attention. Fallen angles made me think that it was more of a girly book. If it was Fallen Soldiers, then it would be thought of to have some blood and gore in it. With the word angels in it, I thought it might be about cats or something that died. But now I know its true when they say, Dont Judge a book by its cover. 6. I think it was effective. I liked it how they made him know he was going back to the world. If I changed it, I would have Peewee die. I think Richie would learn more from that. Then have someone else from another unit on the plane next to Richie so they could talk about their different experiences from the war. Then they became friends and hung out back in the U. S. Then the title would seem to make sense because Richie would always have Peewee looking over him as his angel. Yes it would make it sad ending but then it would be happy once Richie realizes Peewee is his angel. . Anyone who is into war and the army is who I would recommend this to. My one friend Henry Cochran would be the person I would recommend it to. His father was in Vietnam so Im sure he would want to read all about it. He also wants to go into the military so if he had to read something, Im sure he would want it to be something like this. That is if he likes to read. I am sure that he would enjoy this book though, if he sat down and actually put some time into it. I dont like reading but I have actually found some books that I have enjoyed. Fallen Angels free essay sample If one examines Fallen Angels, one is faced with a choice: either reject The Loss of Innocence or conclude that the task of the reader is deconstruction. , a predominant concept is the distinction between destruction and creation. Monaco uses the term realism to denote the genre, and therefore the defining characteristic, of postdialectic class. The subject is contextualised into a that includes reality as a whole. Society is part of the stasis of sexuality, says Corporal Brunner; however, according to McElwaine [9] , it is not so much society that is part of the stasis of sexuality, but rather the rubicon, and eventually the fatal flaw, of society. But a number of narratives concerning realism may be discovered. The example of Fallen Angels depicted in Kenny is also evident in Kenny, although in a more self-fulfilling sense. In a sense, the main theme of Camerons [10] critique of The Loss of Innocence is a capitalist totality. We will write a custom essay sample on Fallen Angels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the book, Mother says Class is intrinsically elitist. If one examines Fallen Angels, one is faced with a choice: either accept realism or conclude that consciousness is capable of intention, but only if The Moral Ambiguity of War is invalid. , a predominant concept is the distinction between within and without. Thus, Lobel uses the term realism to denote the common ground between sexual identity and class. Johnson suggests the use of The Loss of Innocence to read and deconstruct sexual identity. Class is a legal fiction, says Earlene. Jamals essay on Fallen Angels states that discourse is created by communication, given that art is distinct from reality. But Bailey [11] implies that we have to choose between Fallen Angels and The Unromantic Reality of War . Narrativity is fundamentally dead, says Captain Stewart; however, according to Hubbard [12] , it is not so much narrativity that is fundamentally dead, but rather the futility, and subsequent failure, of narrativity. Therefore, several discourses concerning not theory, but neotheory exist. It could be said that the subject is interpolated into a that includes art as a reality. In Kenny, Kenny affirms Fallen Angels; in Kenny, however, Kenny analyses The Loss of Innocence . However, the characteristic theme of Picketts [13] analysis of Fallen Angels is a self-referential paradox. It could be said that the premise of The Loss of Innocence implies that culture may be used to entrench the status quo. Johnny Robinson uses the term realism to denote the role of the writer as participant. Von Junz [14] suggests that we have to choose between The Loss of Innocence and Heroism . But the example of Fallen Angels depicted in Sergeant Simpson emerges again in Sergeant Simpson. Lieutenant Carroll promotes the use of realism to attack hierarchy. However, In the book, Judy Duncan says Society is part of the dialectic of consciousness. Therefore, an abundance of discourses concerning a mythopoetical totality exist. The main theme of the works of Sergeant Simpson is the paradigm, and some would say the genre, of pretextual truth. Thus, Walowick suggests the use of The Loss of Innocence to modify and analyse class. Sargeant [15] holds that the works of Sergeant Simpson are modernistic. In a sense, the subject is interpolated into a that includes language as a whole. Sergeant Dongan uses the term Fallen Angels to denote not appropriation per se, but subappropriation. If The Loss of Innocence holds, we have to choose between Fallen Angels and The Loss of Innocence . Many discourses concerning Fallen Angels exist. It could be said that Turners model of realism states that the media is capable of social comment. However, In the book, Mother says Sexual identity is fundamentally unattainable.Corporal Brunner uses the term Fallen Angels to denote the bridge between art and class.

Changes to How Social Security Disability Claims Are Processed

Changes to How Social Security Disability Claims Are Processed Court Ruling, Regulations to Affect SSD Claims The House Ways and Means Social Security subcommittee recently organized a hearing in which witnesses discussed pending changes affecting how the Social Security Administration (SSA) processes claims for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. A detailed article on the proceedings appears here.The changes are expected to affect the efforts of private disability insurers to move beneficiaries into SSDI claims- raising issues for companies offering group disability insurance plans. The changes will also affect employers, administrators, brokers, consultants and financial professionals who administer such products in the group disability market. The changes include:Recent Executive Order: The order places responsibility for hiring SSDI judges on the President. A majority Supreme Court decision found the existing hiring process for administrative law judges to be unconstitutional.New SSA Regulations: The regulations affect claim representatives who help SSDI applicants thro ugh the claim determination process. These regulations- published in the Federal Register- are set to go into effect.While some claim the effects of the executive order could be modest, others indicate the new regulations could potentially hurt SSDI claimants. Those in favor indicate the order gives department and agency heads needed flexibility to hire judges. Those opposed counter the new executive order and regulations could potentially threaten the judicial independence of administrative judges- and treat representatives as adversaries in the application process.We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan for a free confidential consultation. We’ll let you know if we can help you get a monthly check and help you determine if any money or assets you receive could impact your eligibility for disability benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michigan works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the Social Security Disabili ty and Veterans Disability benefits they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental or cognitive impairment, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan now for a free consultation at 800-949- 2900.Let Michigan’s experienced disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve.Disability Attorneys of Michigan, Compassionate Excellence.   Michigan Social Security Disability Attorneys, Michigan Social Security Disability Lawyers, Social Security Disability

The Effects of smoking cigarettes Research Paper

The Effects of smoking cigarettes - Research Paper Example Therefore, whatever they do becomes a norm for the fashion conscious lot of the society. Cigarette has lately become a necessary fashion accessory. People visualize it as a symbol of style. There have been cases when models have given photo-shoots regarding the various ways in which cigarettes can be smoked. In addition to looking stylish, many teenagers feel drawn towards cigarettes because smoking makes them feel mature. Teenage is a period when people normally have a desire to look elder and mature for their age. There is enthusiasm about looking grown up and entering into an independent practical life among the teenagers. In order to look mature, many teenagers give the cigarettes a try and then can not retreat from smoking. Smoking is a waste of health, time and money. Smokers should realize how dangerous cigarettes are for their health. This paper discusses some of the ways in which cigarettes cause harm to the smoker. Smoking is a waste of time and money: Smoking is a waste of time and more importantly money. Once an individual starts to smoke, he starts from only one cigarette a day. He thinks that he would not increase the consumption of cigarettes and believes that one cigarette in a day is just too less to cause him any potential loss in the long run. Such misconceptions are further added to by the individual’s smoker peers, colleagues and friends. ... There is no option. Smoke is in the air. Taking this into consideration, the individual approves of smoking one cigarette a day as it helps in the development of a unique bond with the company of smokers. Having smoked, the individual feels better in the company of smokers. Slowly and gradually, that company becomes an important part of the individual’s social life, and the habits of the peers become ingrained in the individual’s personality and psychology. Once the individual gets used to smoking one cigarette a day, there is little guilt over smoking two in the days to follow. This way, the smoker wastes time in smoking with his friends, and also money in buying packs of cigarettes. Cigarettes cause the smoker to take more drugs: Cigarette often stands first in the chain of drugs that people become addicted to in life. The possibility of drug addiction is much more profound in smokers as compared to non-smokers. One of the biggest drawbacks of the habit of smoking is that it saps a smoker’s ability to give importance to health. The smoker becomes so addicted to it that he smokes despite knowing that it is bad for health. Being addicted to smoking, smokers do not realize the gravity of drug addiction, and easily try more potential means of gaining pleasure than cigarette as cigarettes give little to no pleasure or relief to the smokers as compared to other drugs as Heroine. On the other hand, the non-smokers manage to stay away from drugs just like they said â€Å"no† to cigarettes in the first place. Cigarettes disturb the body and its functions: Cigarettes are extremely harmful for health. Smokers have a much higher tendency of acquiring heart and lung related diseases as compared to the non-smokers. Smoking

Professional Development Plan&Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Professional Development Plan&Review - Essay Example The following description states the goals that I have set, these are the self goal of completing assignments in time, group goal of increased coordination and finally critically evaluating my writing skills. I furthermore explain the manner in which I have gone through the process of developing them and the results obtained. In my education, I have gone through many different problems and trying times. Some hindered me from achieving the best in university and thus I set several goals to ensure that they were eliminated. One of the problems that I had was the inability to complete my assignments in time. This was a major hindrance and in an effort to eliminate it, I set the goal of always preparing for my assignments early. This was effective as it offered me spare time that I went through the work to ensure perfection. There were a number of stages involved in the accomplishment of this. The first stage in this process was to ensure that I had an overview of the whole assignment so that I could divide it to ensure that I finish the parts in place. This was bound to help me break down the work and it made it seem simple. I was also be able to have my own self calendar to keep in mind the deadlines. In case of failure, I was supposed to accept it and work on all my mistakes to avoid them in future. The learning strategies for the perfection of the plan were to ensure that the project I was working on got ready three weeks due. The opportunities that I put into use were practicing on my own to identify my weak areas. Moreover, I was able to set my own study time and work with my friends as they added me knowledge that I did not have before and I offered them new knowledge (Cottrell, 2010, 71). To improve my motivation to start preparing for assignments in one month is important. I also had access to books and the internet as a source of my information and due to my consistency. My plan worked and the evidence that I was

Management Changes Within British Airways

Management Changes Within British Airways Introduction Air travel industry is considered an outsized industry throughout the world. This industry has experienced major growth in the last 50 years due to general improvement in technology. The outcome has been a firm decline in fares and costs, which has encouraged traffic growth. This demanding traffic has made the industry grow at a speedy pace. However the speedy growth had its swindles in terms of the changes that airline industry had to go through. Organizations in the industry went through drastic and somewhat dramatic changes in the past one decade. This decade saw the businesses going through change management programs to gain and keep competitive advantage in the industry. This particular dissertation is focused on the case study of British airways and the change management program that it went through in order to gain competitive advantage. British Airways is one of the highest earning airlines in the world. It is famous for its culture f leadership, virtues and employees welfare. Chief Executive of British Airways plc, Bob Ayling started extensive change management programs in the organization in the late 90s. These programs were started despite the fact that BA was earning record profits back then. Some of these changes brought positive changes in the organization, however most of the changes were perceived negatively among the employees. The negativity eventually led to strikes and low morals. (Balmer et al., 2009) These problems were majorly blamed on the poor leadership of Ayling, as well as the change management programs that the company went through. Ayling, on the other hand argued that these change management programs, including cost cutting and outsourcing of major departments, were indeed necessary for long term benefit of British airways. (Harvey and Turnbull, 2006) The introduction part will now focus on de fining history of British airways as well as focusing on Aylings change management programs and its effects on the organization as a whole. Post Merger Following the merger of British European Airways and British Overseas Airways Corporation which bent British Airways, the company had many problems and issues.   One of the issues met by the company is in terms of cultural perspective. The outcomes of culture become mainly apparent in mergers, acquisitions and cross national operations, where not only dissimilar organizational cultures but also organizational cultures entrenched in different national cultures meet.(Carleton and Lineberry, 2004)   Research indicate that when workers from dissimilar cultures interrelate and, especially, when one culture is required to adopt the procedures and policies of the other culture, upsetting tensions come out.   And this occurred between the staff of the two merging industries (BEA and BOAC).   This issue can be explained as (Betancourt and LÃÆ' ³pez, 1993). Another issue or problem faced by British Airways was its forced management system.  The company put into practice a very inf lexible management system which made the system of conversant with rules.   Likewise, another issue was incapability of the management of the new organization to satisfy and see the requirements of their consumers.   The organization gave importance on its limited management concentrates and approach on preserving its various routes which resulted in unsatisfied consumers.   These conflicts and issues had a very negative outcome on the new organization.   British Airways earned the reputation of being the most disreputable company after the post merger.  (Carleton and Lineberry, 2004) In addition, the company could not handle the increased burden of flights and customers. In the late 80s the company was rated as most unpunctual airline and customers were advised to avoid travelling on it. (Eckel et al., 1997) Management changes within British Airways: In order to modify its reputation, British Airways decided to go for CHANGE MANAGEMENT. Businesses, companies, and working organizations have incorporated change into their work system in order to be aggressive and be more competent to satisfy customer or clients needs.   (Hayes, 2002) The Conservative party Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher selected John King in early 1981 to be the Chairperson of British Airways plc. During the management of John King, he forced changes resulting in several routes bring axed as well as selling off the cargo planes and service. The company also cut 20,000 workers as part of the change process.   In 1982, Colin Marshall became the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of British Airways plc. In this period, British Airways produced its first additional profit which was the outcome of the cost-cutting actions implemented by John King. Colin Marshall decided to pay attention to its customer service in order to ensure that company carries on making profit. M arshall hired Consultants to collect data about workers and customer attitudes. The outcome of this evaluation showed that there is a significant gap between what was delivered by BA staff what the consumer actually required. Another management plan was the transformation of the system from staff- oriented to customer oriented through the formation of customer is king environment within the company. (Heifetz and Laurie, 2002) Marshall also investigated that the workers had an internal problem in terms of having a harmonious and good working relationship; therefore, he decided to generate more unity among the British Airways workers by putting into practice the Staff Development Initiative which anticipated the long-term and inherent cultural development and change in British Airways. The program was intended on having more efficient staff members who could offer excellent and quality service to its consumer. (Pine and Gilmore, 1998) This cultural education training lasted until the late 1990s; it created the awareness for the workers to do their job according to customers requirements. Marshall also started Awards for Excellence in 1987.   The goal of this initiative was to award high performers and inspire the workers to always do their best in offering services.   For the duration of that year, Brainwaves, a proposal system was also launched. The change process imposed by Marshall was in co-operation with Lancaster University to provide MBA course for its workers. This was the part of the cultural education training by British airways to make its workers more efficient. (Prokesch, 1995) Furthermore, the organizational structure of British Airways was also modified to a much slimmer and flatter structure. Five sections of the organization started direct reporting to the Chief Executive Officer and eleven profit centers were formed. This structural replacement aimed at improving staff communication and integ ration. The performance-related pay was also brought in by the management. The change process also comprised major investments in ground facilities, planes, and Information Technology. (Grugulis and Wilkinson, 2002) Putting people first program The management also started a program for its staff called Putting people first. The program was focused on training the staff become more customer oriented. It was a one day seminar delivered by consultants hired by British airways. In the start the program only included staffs that were directly in contact with the customers. However with the passage of time the program was extended for all employees. The program covered the topics of being a winner or loser, owning the problem, being attentive and empowerment. (Street, 1994) With this help of this program staff was given a chance to become involved in decision making. They were encouraged to make any suggestions that could improve the customer service. This was followed by training the staff to own the problem rather than putting blame on each other. The whole trainings program helped the company dramatically, staff turnover reduced to a great level and customer satisfaction increased. (Tushman and OReilly III, 2006) This successful implementation of this program led to several other training programs being launched by BA management and staff. These programs included A day in the life and to be the best. These two programs also met success and British airways started seeing itself getting ahead of the industry. Winning for customer program This program was launched in 92/93 by the company. It was completely focused on listening to customers views and making changes in the company accordingly. This program was basically a loyalty program for customers as well as gaining feedback from them. (Dowling and Uncles, 1997) This program was also somewhat successful as it gave the company insight into companys service from customers eyes. Managing people first program Another program launched in the same era was managing people first. This program was focused on increasing trust among employees, emphasizing the importance of leadership and feedback. (Bruce, 1987)The program brought in positive changes among the employees. They started trusting each other and delivering the job with more efforts. The leadership aspect of the program helped the managers understand their employees better and leading the organization into better changes. The history of British airways clearly stated that a culture of change existed in the organization. These changes were perceived positively by the employees. These changes also helped the organization get on the top back then. In the case study section of the dissertation, change management programs and its consequences by Ayling will be discussed to understand and analyze that scenario. Research question The primary research question of this research study is, To explore the extent to which change management is necessary for a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantage Additionally, the secondary research question is to examine the change management initiatives previously taken by British Airways to attain competitive advantage and profitability. Research aim and objective of this study The main objective and strategic aim of this piece of study is to explore the role and significance of Change Management in this era of globalization and changing market needs by taking the case study of British Airways in specific. To understand what went wrong and why it went wrong in the leadership of Ayling Analyze the data and come up with findings regarding change management programs Conclude if change management is necessary for a firm to gain competitive advantage Literature Review The process and practice of globalization and developments with the new technologies are merely few stimuli which continually compel business organizations to transform. Business organizations must be considerate and prepared of the vibrant inner and exterior environment in which they manage their operations. The great challenge facing organizations today is change: employing, retaining and most prominently developing managers, and effectively managing organizational change. (Brandenburg and Binder, 1999) There exist three different verities of change which an organization can experience. These three according to him are smooth incremental change, bumpy incremental change and discontinuous change. In the first variety the organization go through a smooth transition and such a change process is perceived by its managers as inherent to the organization. In the second variety there may be oppositions to it, however according to him it is more like the movement of the continents, where faults are generated and bumps are created. In such a case the created faults readjusts the process and a balance is created with time. (Grundy, 1998) The third and the last variety is a discontinuous one, in which the change process is abrupt. This abrupt change could be in the strategy, culture or the structure of the organization. During the process of change there can be people who may resist it. This resistance in general comes from the individuals, who may oppose individually or as a group. The rationale behind this is that the individuals do not want to come out of their current state. As an example someone might already have convinced himself that he has already got what he wanted, so why to accept the new things? Or there might be some heavy investments involved which may be stop to proceed. What does managing change means? Change management is a planned activity intended at getting the best results from the transformation process. It is about managing the changes that are outcomes of the selected approaches. This is done in such a way so that the results and effects go along with the organizational framework. Devising a strategy is also the part of change management. Such a process and procedure is unique and specific to a certain organization. It is rare that a process devised for an organization do fit to the other. Although this can happen, however the probability is quite low. The procedure for change management and the measures that are element of a specific approach are exclusive and exact to a particular organization. Every organization has its own needs; their resources and circumstances differ, culture changes, relationships and clients requirements become specific, and their ambitions, objectives and aims may differ(Mullins, 2007). It is about discovering options and selecting pathways. (Horton, 2000) According to George Bernard Shaw Development is unattainable without change and transformation, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. Managing change means a systematic procedure of taking into consideration the global circumstances disturbing an organization; in addition to specific state of affairs within the organization. The change management technique scrutinizes the existing environment and procedures with high attitude to firm culture, organization design, communication, job design, personnel, infrastructure, knowledge and skills. The most important and significant meaning of change management is the term referred to as the task of managing change. The term itself is used in two contexts. Firstly, it means to make changes in an intended and systematic manner. Secondly, this refers to as managing the reactions for the implemented processes. The acknowledgment of the requirements for timely adjustment to external stimulus has evolved the concept of the learning organization; an organization which is capable of continuous adaptation to the environment. At last, change management refers to an area of constituency of professional performance and the connected body of knowledge that has grown up inside and around the issues. There are several ways for change management, as an example, consulting firms offer a range of services to smooth out the process whereas the business schools recommend training in its theory and practice. (Kouzes et al., 1987) (Kanter, 1989) Approaches to change Management The planned approach to change management is tightly linked to managing and recognizing the procedures intended to make organizations more progressive. All these procedures attempt to offer smooth transition and attempt the productivity with the least confrontation. Change plans formulate the tangible outcomes, guide decision making, help to control the procedures and provide protection around uncertainties. There are six change management approaches to deal with this resistance and reaction. (Hayes, 2002)These six approaches are as following Communication and Education: The most significant ways to prevail over conflicts and resistance is through prior education and awareness. This helps in beforehand observing and perceiving the intensity of the change by the work force. The result of this will lead to suppression of rumors and uncertainties involved during the phase. Involvement and Participation: Wherever the initiators do not have the entire data and information they require designing the change and transformation and others have substantial power to oppose. When workers are mixed up in the change attempt they are more likely to involve in the transformation rather to oppose it. Support and Facilitation: Where people refuse to give in to change due to regulation problems, managers can set off possible resistance by encouraging workers during complex times. Managerial support facilitates employees compact with anxiety and fear during an evolution period. The source of resistance is likely to be the unawareness. Thus support and facilitation approach is connected with condition of counseling, special training and time off work. Agreement and Negotiation: Within an organization somebody or some group may drop out during the transformation process. Managers can fight resistance by giving incentives to workers who are not in opposition to the change and the transformation process. This agreement and negotiation approach will be suitable where those resisting change are strong enough. Co-option and Manipulation Approach: Somewhere there are other procedures which are too exclusive. Schlesinger and Kotter proposed that an effective management technique is to co-opt with counters of change effort and transformation process. This frequently involves choosing leaders of the resisters so that instead of opposition they lead to a contribution in the process. Implicit and Explicit Coercion: Implementation speed is a necessity but should be used as a final option. The process should be made as smooth as possible however the managers can clearly or perfectly compel workers into tolerating change effort by making clear that resisting change can lead to firing, losing jobs, demotions or transferring employees. Framework of change This idea is about the procedure for change management and transformation process, presenting proposals and getting feedback for change. This is further than a beginning step to the real action of accomplishment. There is requirement to comprehend how considered choices are completed and proposals are evaluated within the. The framework of change management used throughout this thesis is presented in Error: Reference source not found. This model investigates further how organizations make the movement from the current to the future state. In particular, we will look at the Three Step Model developed by Lewin based on unfreezing the organization, moving and sustaining the change. (Lewin, 1980) CULTURE The first section culture of the change management framework include authenticating the case for change and transformation process and how the shared service/BPO initiative will add to comprehending the organizations premeditated goals, and readiness of both employees and organization and assessing the capacity to incorporate change. Impending blockers must be recognized and articulated with agreed-upon approaches and strategies thus the initiative is not disrupted. ORGANIZATION The second section wraps the design of the new world, comprising the operating model, role definitions, organizational structures, governance and competency frameworks, and decision-making frameworks. Realistic steps should be used to design effective and realistic interfaces between the retained organization and shared service/BPO capacity. LEADERSHIP The third step in the wheel aims to simplify how the firm will be led, and to furnish the leaders to carry out their leadership roles. Specific and detailed activities comprise how the leader ship team will work together both during implementation of shared services/ BPO, defining the role of the leadership team, and consequently, and the roles and responsibilities of individual leaders. Achievement like this may identify the requirement for coaching and/or training of leaders and potential leaders. PEOPLE CAPABILITY The fourth step of the cycle of change management framework intends to ascertain the competencies and skills necessary and how to gather those requirements, comprising gap analysis, skills audits, career planning and job and role definitions. Participation of talent who will lead the new firm is key to the success of this movement. EXECUTION The fifth step of the cycle of change management framework ensures freedom of the new form. It comprises hard deliverables in the form of milestones, project plans, budget analysis and progress reports, and soft deliverables in the shape of stakeholders management and communications. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT The sixth and last step of the wheel of change management cover up life post-change and comprises processes and frameworks (e.g., balanced scorecards, performance management, and reward alignment) to determine the success of the changes, and means to make sure that opportunities for advance improvement are acted upon in a timely manner and identified.   Significance and benefits of Change management in the Organizations: Benefits of Change Management: ACCEPTING ENVIROMENT It is significant for the organization to assess, understand, and measure the dynamics in its exterior environment such as government, society and customers in order to predict and set up an appropriate relationship with these assorted performers like society, customers and government. Hence, managers by deliberating the subject of change management can better be ready to understand anything is going on in this environment. This is a major significance of change management in business organization. STRATEGY FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION TO DEVELOP COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE It is very important to knowing the collision of change an inappropriate level on its own interior dynamics, where the main objective is to seek competitive advantage. This is the significance of change management in business organization. EMPLOYEES The employees are the beneficiaries of change process. One such continuous apprehension of senior managers is to make organization highly consistent; therefore workers ought to be high performing and trained one in todays twitchy competitive new world. There is need of trained, reliable organization and high performing work practices. This is significance of change management in organizations. TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Technology is realized as the engine of development in todays new world. May be the greatest challenge for modern organizations is the integration and acquisition of technology in its approach, structure and procedure. As such the apprehension of top managers is how to avoid and mitigate organization being outdated and how to absorb and cope the collision of communication technologies and changing information which have determinedly influencing consumption behavior and production process. This is another major benefit of change management in the organization. Significance of Change Management Implementation The peak five well recognized approaches of change management and significance of change management in the organization, which, when implemented properly, permit organizations to decrease risk and increase IT effectiveness and efficiency. The practices comprise of: Producing the top bottom approach to endorse the requirement for a culture of Information technology change management process that implements a zero tolerance approach to illicit changes across the whole enterprise. It will create significance of change management inside and outside the organization. Examining and monitoring the number of unintentional outages frequently to avert illegitimate changes and maintain maximum control on information technology variations. It will also create significance of change management in the modern organization. Put into practice risk mitigation changes executed and authorized by identifying well-defined change preservation windows and implemented them. The significance of change management will explore through it. Determine change success rates and using them as standard for key information technology management performance gauge. This is one of the major significance of change management. SWOT ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AIRWAYS British Airways is engaged in air services operations both in international and domestic airfreight. It provides various services ranging in commercial flights service for passengers around the globe, cargo freight and mail services and other auxiliary services. British Airways primarily runs its business in Europe and in United States. Located in Harmondsworth, Middlesex, it employs 42, 755 people in all its departments. British Airways facilitates flight reservation and booking using the online net services in which customers can easily access. Trying to appear competitive and maintain its integrity as one of the best airlines which emphasizes quality customer services, BA strives to create high-end terminal facilities and other services involving comfortable of customers while onboard. BA reaches out to 570 in about 134 countries. Such magnitude of operations offers customers with variety of destinations with world-class services that cater customers ranging from explorers to exec utives. Strengths British Airways strengths include the first-rate new fleet of aircrafts purchased to accolade comfortable traveling of passengers. This move was made to counter the wretched state of travel and complaint received by the previous fleet used by British Airways. The magnitude of Airways operations allows them on pro over their competitors by servicing to a wider variety of customers. Moreover, on the level of knowledge and skills, BA operational research claimed that analytical skills performed by the members of the company and employees become its strengths. The strong customer focus develops expertise in customer areas while in purchasing high-end software for air services and wide selection of it strengthens the companys business orientation. Weaknesses One of the many weaknesses on organizations business and services is the lack of marketing strategy that will help reinforce its competitive standards, more so, to win customers loyalty. Despite the great infrastructure hosted the company, BA needs to carry out better market schemes to attract more customers. Hence, competitive package for customer service must be afforded in order to make the airline more attractive to its clients, prompting an opportunity of earning large revenues. Furthermore, on knowledge and skills management, limited knowledge of simulation software and simulation development, knowledge lost through high level of internal staff moves, teams adopt solution approaches aligned only to their skills, and lack of involvement in choice of software and difficulty to enhance specialist airline software are weaknesses which the company must be aware of. Threats The threats are not necessarily be found outside of companys environment but can be an internal. Internal threats as seen in management centralized and bureaucratic system and all poor decision-making. Moreover, the companys focus on national and local problems pose a threat since much more problems which it neglect found in the global scheme. It neglects the global problems instead focusing deeply on the national and local level. The global problems greatly offer tremendous threats if and when companies will ignore such. Moreover, globalization can be an opportunity and strength but can also be a threat if not to be keen and vigilant of its tricks and treachery. Further, rapid changes on technology and customers behavior can also be a threat if mistakenly interpreted and remedied. Opportunities The availability of immense services and products pose an opportunity to utilize them properly. The global changes can be an opportunity to work with while ignoring certain opportunities can be a weakness. In BA, virtual reality could provide a new use for simulation, obtaining network software and share expertise through special interest groups are opportunities which can be utilized and used to further enhance the companys business. Technological trends provide ample opportunities to various business domains, however, if it will be taken for granted, opportunities can be a threat or weakness. Maximizing the global trends is a great opportunity to hold on to. Methodology The proposed methodology for this dissertation is case study research. Case study research is a common and popular method of conducting research in the field of social sciences. In this methodology, an event, individuals, or group are investigated and explained. This in depth investigation focuses on defining the particular instance in either descriptive or explanatory manner. (Hartley, 2004) The methodology is not merely storytelling; rather it describes and explains the event in much detail so the reader could understand the reasons for that event/instance. The case studies are building with multiple sources of data and evidence. They are usually focused on one aspect of the organization rather than the whole organization itself. (Merriam, 1998) Case study method is quite useful if one wants to understand and estimate the impact of a certain event. It is important to understand that case study methodology can only be used when rich amount of data is available so the case can actual ly be built using it. (Eisenhardt, 1989) Although it is quite popular method of conducting the research, it has its weaknesses as well. Researchers have criticized it because they feel that this method lacks reliability. The reliability is questioned when case study is build using the secondary data. This criticism states that the research cannot be relied on as it lacks researchers own research efforts, and the case is built on the research that was already available. (Stake, 1995)However there are more strengths to this methodology than weaknesses. The method is particularly praised due to its usefulness in providing a holistic view of an event or phenomena. It is also admired due to multiple sources of data and evidence that are used to build case study, as it provides multiple insight into the phenomena. (Gillham, 2000) Types of case study Researchers have devised and explained several categories of case studies. One of the popular models used to explained categories of case studies is by Yin. He defines these categories in terms of the number of event and single or multiple methods of analysis. Type 1: Single case design and single unit of analysis Type 2: Single unit of analysis and multiple case designs Type 3: Single case design and multiple units of analysis Type 4: Multiple case designs and multiple units of analysis Yin has also devised three types of case study, Exploratory: Used for new topics and reveals the facts about a certain event. This type of research is normally the first one and sets direction for future research. Researchers agree that this research is more related to What question rather than the Why question. Descriptive: This type of case study research focuses on a clearly define problem or research question. Its focus is on How and Who question Explanatory: the last type of case study research is explanatory, which focuses on Why question. It is usually build in exploratory and descriptive research and tries to find out preseason for an events occurrence. (Yin, 2008) This particular research will be built on using explanatory case study method. As we already know what happened in British airways due to change management programs, however we need to search the question of Why it happened? Sources of Data for case study In order to build up a case study, data needs to be collected. This data gathering can either be primary or secondary. The primar Management Changes Within British Airways Management Changes Within British Airways Introduction Air travel industry is considered an outsized industry throughout the world. This industry has experienced major growth in the last 50 years due to general improvement in technology. The outcome has been a firm decline in fares and costs, which has encouraged traffic growth. This demanding traffic has made the industry grow at a speedy pace. However the speedy growth had its swindles in terms of the changes that airline industry had to go through. Organizations in the industry went through drastic and somewhat dramatic changes in the past one decade. This decade saw the businesses going through change management programs to gain and keep competitive advantage in the industry. This particular dissertation is focused on the case study of British airways and the change management program that it went through in order to gain competitive advantage. British Airways is one of the highest earning airlines in the world. It is famous for its culture f leadership, virtues and employees welfare. Chief Executive of British Airways plc, Bob Ayling started extensive change management programs in the organization in the late 90s. These programs were started despite the fact that BA was earning record profits back then. Some of these changes brought positive changes in the organization, however most of the changes were perceived negatively among the employees. The negativity eventually led to strikes and low morals. (Balmer et al., 2009) These problems were majorly blamed on the poor leadership of Ayling, as well as the change management programs that the company went through. Ayling, on the other hand argued that these change management programs, including cost cutting and outsourcing of major departments, were indeed necessary for long term benefit of British airways. (Harvey and Turnbull, 2006) The introduction part will now focus on de fining history of British airways as well as focusing on Aylings change management programs and its effects on the organization as a whole. Post Merger Following the merger of British European Airways and British Overseas Airways Corporation which bent British Airways, the company had many problems and issues.   One of the issues met by the company is in terms of cultural perspective. The outcomes of culture become mainly apparent in mergers, acquisitions and cross national operations, where not only dissimilar organizational cultures but also organizational cultures entrenched in different national cultures meet.(Carleton and Lineberry, 2004)   Research indicate that when workers from dissimilar cultures interrelate and, especially, when one culture is required to adopt the procedures and policies of the other culture, upsetting tensions come out.   And this occurred between the staff of the two merging industries (BEA and BOAC).   This issue can be explained as (Betancourt and LÃÆ' ³pez, 1993). Another issue or problem faced by British Airways was its forced management system.  The company put into practice a very inf lexible management system which made the system of conversant with rules.   Likewise, another issue was incapability of the management of the new organization to satisfy and see the requirements of their consumers.   The organization gave importance on its limited management concentrates and approach on preserving its various routes which resulted in unsatisfied consumers.   These conflicts and issues had a very negative outcome on the new organization.   British Airways earned the reputation of being the most disreputable company after the post merger.  (Carleton and Lineberry, 2004) In addition, the company could not handle the increased burden of flights and customers. In the late 80s the company was rated as most unpunctual airline and customers were advised to avoid travelling on it. (Eckel et al., 1997) Management changes within British Airways: In order to modify its reputation, British Airways decided to go for CHANGE MANAGEMENT. Businesses, companies, and working organizations have incorporated change into their work system in order to be aggressive and be more competent to satisfy customer or clients needs.   (Hayes, 2002) The Conservative party Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher selected John King in early 1981 to be the Chairperson of British Airways plc. During the management of John King, he forced changes resulting in several routes bring axed as well as selling off the cargo planes and service. The company also cut 20,000 workers as part of the change process.   In 1982, Colin Marshall became the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of British Airways plc. In this period, British Airways produced its first additional profit which was the outcome of the cost-cutting actions implemented by John King. Colin Marshall decided to pay attention to its customer service in order to ensure that company carries on making profit. M arshall hired Consultants to collect data about workers and customer attitudes. The outcome of this evaluation showed that there is a significant gap between what was delivered by BA staff what the consumer actually required. Another management plan was the transformation of the system from staff- oriented to customer oriented through the formation of customer is king environment within the company. (Heifetz and Laurie, 2002) Marshall also investigated that the workers had an internal problem in terms of having a harmonious and good working relationship; therefore, he decided to generate more unity among the British Airways workers by putting into practice the Staff Development Initiative which anticipated the long-term and inherent cultural development and change in British Airways. The program was intended on having more efficient staff members who could offer excellent and quality service to its consumer. (Pine and Gilmore, 1998) This cultural education training lasted until the late 1990s; it created the awareness for the workers to do their job according to customers requirements. Marshall also started Awards for Excellence in 1987.   The goal of this initiative was to award high performers and inspire the workers to always do their best in offering services.   For the duration of that year, Brainwaves, a proposal system was also launched. The change process imposed by Marshall was in co-operation with Lancaster University to provide MBA course for its workers. This was the part of the cultural education training by British airways to make its workers more efficient. (Prokesch, 1995) Furthermore, the organizational structure of British Airways was also modified to a much slimmer and flatter structure. Five sections of the organization started direct reporting to the Chief Executive Officer and eleven profit centers were formed. This structural replacement aimed at improving staff communication and integ ration. The performance-related pay was also brought in by the management. The change process also comprised major investments in ground facilities, planes, and Information Technology. (Grugulis and Wilkinson, 2002) Putting people first program The management also started a program for its staff called Putting people first. The program was focused on training the staff become more customer oriented. It was a one day seminar delivered by consultants hired by British airways. In the start the program only included staffs that were directly in contact with the customers. However with the passage of time the program was extended for all employees. The program covered the topics of being a winner or loser, owning the problem, being attentive and empowerment. (Street, 1994) With this help of this program staff was given a chance to become involved in decision making. They were encouraged to make any suggestions that could improve the customer service. This was followed by training the staff to own the problem rather than putting blame on each other. The whole trainings program helped the company dramatically, staff turnover reduced to a great level and customer satisfaction increased. (Tushman and OReilly III, 2006) This successful implementation of this program led to several other training programs being launched by BA management and staff. These programs included A day in the life and to be the best. These two programs also met success and British airways started seeing itself getting ahead of the industry. Winning for customer program This program was launched in 92/93 by the company. It was completely focused on listening to customers views and making changes in the company accordingly. This program was basically a loyalty program for customers as well as gaining feedback from them. (Dowling and Uncles, 1997) This program was also somewhat successful as it gave the company insight into companys service from customers eyes. Managing people first program Another program launched in the same era was managing people first. This program was focused on increasing trust among employees, emphasizing the importance of leadership and feedback. (Bruce, 1987)The program brought in positive changes among the employees. They started trusting each other and delivering the job with more efforts. The leadership aspect of the program helped the managers understand their employees better and leading the organization into better changes. The history of British airways clearly stated that a culture of change existed in the organization. These changes were perceived positively by the employees. These changes also helped the organization get on the top back then. In the case study section of the dissertation, change management programs and its consequences by Ayling will be discussed to understand and analyze that scenario. Research question The primary research question of this research study is, To explore the extent to which change management is necessary for a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantage Additionally, the secondary research question is to examine the change management initiatives previously taken by British Airways to attain competitive advantage and profitability. Research aim and objective of this study The main objective and strategic aim of this piece of study is to explore the role and significance of Change Management in this era of globalization and changing market needs by taking the case study of British Airways in specific. To understand what went wrong and why it went wrong in the leadership of Ayling Analyze the data and come up with findings regarding change management programs Conclude if change management is necessary for a firm to gain competitive advantage Literature Review The process and practice of globalization and developments with the new technologies are merely few stimuli which continually compel business organizations to transform. Business organizations must be considerate and prepared of the vibrant inner and exterior environment in which they manage their operations. The great challenge facing organizations today is change: employing, retaining and most prominently developing managers, and effectively managing organizational change. (Brandenburg and Binder, 1999) There exist three different verities of change which an organization can experience. These three according to him are smooth incremental change, bumpy incremental change and discontinuous change. In the first variety the organization go through a smooth transition and such a change process is perceived by its managers as inherent to the organization. In the second variety there may be oppositions to it, however according to him it is more like the movement of the continents, where faults are generated and bumps are created. In such a case the created faults readjusts the process and a balance is created with time. (Grundy, 1998) The third and the last variety is a discontinuous one, in which the change process is abrupt. This abrupt change could be in the strategy, culture or the structure of the organization. During the process of change there can be people who may resist it. This resistance in general comes from the individuals, who may oppose individually or as a group. The rationale behind this is that the individuals do not want to come out of their current state. As an example someone might already have convinced himself that he has already got what he wanted, so why to accept the new things? Or there might be some heavy investments involved which may be stop to proceed. What does managing change means? Change management is a planned activity intended at getting the best results from the transformation process. It is about managing the changes that are outcomes of the selected approaches. This is done in such a way so that the results and effects go along with the organizational framework. Devising a strategy is also the part of change management. Such a process and procedure is unique and specific to a certain organization. It is rare that a process devised for an organization do fit to the other. Although this can happen, however the probability is quite low. The procedure for change management and the measures that are element of a specific approach are exclusive and exact to a particular organization. Every organization has its own needs; their resources and circumstances differ, culture changes, relationships and clients requirements become specific, and their ambitions, objectives and aims may differ(Mullins, 2007). It is about discovering options and selecting pathways. (Horton, 2000) According to George Bernard Shaw Development is unattainable without change and transformation, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. Managing change means a systematic procedure of taking into consideration the global circumstances disturbing an organization; in addition to specific state of affairs within the organization. The change management technique scrutinizes the existing environment and procedures with high attitude to firm culture, organization design, communication, job design, personnel, infrastructure, knowledge and skills. The most important and significant meaning of change management is the term referred to as the task of managing change. The term itself is used in two contexts. Firstly, it means to make changes in an intended and systematic manner. Secondly, this refers to as managing the reactions for the implemented processes. The acknowledgment of the requirements for timely adjustment to external stimulus has evolved the concept of the learning organization; an organization which is capable of continuous adaptation to the environment. At last, change management refers to an area of constituency of professional performance and the connected body of knowledge that has grown up inside and around the issues. There are several ways for change management, as an example, consulting firms offer a range of services to smooth out the process whereas the business schools recommend training in its theory and practice. (Kouzes et al., 1987) (Kanter, 1989) Approaches to change Management The planned approach to change management is tightly linked to managing and recognizing the procedures intended to make organizations more progressive. All these procedures attempt to offer smooth transition and attempt the productivity with the least confrontation. Change plans formulate the tangible outcomes, guide decision making, help to control the procedures and provide protection around uncertainties. There are six change management approaches to deal with this resistance and reaction. (Hayes, 2002)These six approaches are as following Communication and Education: The most significant ways to prevail over conflicts and resistance is through prior education and awareness. This helps in beforehand observing and perceiving the intensity of the change by the work force. The result of this will lead to suppression of rumors and uncertainties involved during the phase. Involvement and Participation: Wherever the initiators do not have the entire data and information they require designing the change and transformation and others have substantial power to oppose. When workers are mixed up in the change attempt they are more likely to involve in the transformation rather to oppose it. Support and Facilitation: Where people refuse to give in to change due to regulation problems, managers can set off possible resistance by encouraging workers during complex times. Managerial support facilitates employees compact with anxiety and fear during an evolution period. The source of resistance is likely to be the unawareness. Thus support and facilitation approach is connected with condition of counseling, special training and time off work. Agreement and Negotiation: Within an organization somebody or some group may drop out during the transformation process. Managers can fight resistance by giving incentives to workers who are not in opposition to the change and the transformation process. This agreement and negotiation approach will be suitable where those resisting change are strong enough. Co-option and Manipulation Approach: Somewhere there are other procedures which are too exclusive. Schlesinger and Kotter proposed that an effective management technique is to co-opt with counters of change effort and transformation process. This frequently involves choosing leaders of the resisters so that instead of opposition they lead to a contribution in the process. Implicit and Explicit Coercion: Implementation speed is a necessity but should be used as a final option. The process should be made as smooth as possible however the managers can clearly or perfectly compel workers into tolerating change effort by making clear that resisting change can lead to firing, losing jobs, demotions or transferring employees. Framework of change This idea is about the procedure for change management and transformation process, presenting proposals and getting feedback for change. This is further than a beginning step to the real action of accomplishment. There is requirement to comprehend how considered choices are completed and proposals are evaluated within the. The framework of change management used throughout this thesis is presented in Error: Reference source not found. This model investigates further how organizations make the movement from the current to the future state. In particular, we will look at the Three Step Model developed by Lewin based on unfreezing the organization, moving and sustaining the change. (Lewin, 1980) CULTURE The first section culture of the change management framework include authenticating the case for change and transformation process and how the shared service/BPO initiative will add to comprehending the organizations premeditated goals, and readiness of both employees and organization and assessing the capacity to incorporate change. Impending blockers must be recognized and articulated with agreed-upon approaches and strategies thus the initiative is not disrupted. ORGANIZATION The second section wraps the design of the new world, comprising the operating model, role definitions, organizational structures, governance and competency frameworks, and decision-making frameworks. Realistic steps should be used to design effective and realistic interfaces between the retained organization and shared service/BPO capacity. LEADERSHIP The third step in the wheel aims to simplify how the firm will be led, and to furnish the leaders to carry out their leadership roles. Specific and detailed activities comprise how the leader ship team will work together both during implementation of shared services/ BPO, defining the role of the leadership team, and consequently, and the roles and responsibilities of individual leaders. Achievement like this may identify the requirement for coaching and/or training of leaders and potential leaders. PEOPLE CAPABILITY The fourth step of the cycle of change management framework intends to ascertain the competencies and skills necessary and how to gather those requirements, comprising gap analysis, skills audits, career planning and job and role definitions. Participation of talent who will lead the new firm is key to the success of this movement. EXECUTION The fifth step of the cycle of change management framework ensures freedom of the new form. It comprises hard deliverables in the form of milestones, project plans, budget analysis and progress reports, and soft deliverables in the shape of stakeholders management and communications. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT The sixth and last step of the wheel of change management cover up life post-change and comprises processes and frameworks (e.g., balanced scorecards, performance management, and reward alignment) to determine the success of the changes, and means to make sure that opportunities for advance improvement are acted upon in a timely manner and identified.   Significance and benefits of Change management in the Organizations: Benefits of Change Management: ACCEPTING ENVIROMENT It is significant for the organization to assess, understand, and measure the dynamics in its exterior environment such as government, society and customers in order to predict and set up an appropriate relationship with these assorted performers like society, customers and government. Hence, managers by deliberating the subject of change management can better be ready to understand anything is going on in this environment. This is a major significance of change management in business organization. STRATEGY FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION TO DEVELOP COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE It is very important to knowing the collision of change an inappropriate level on its own interior dynamics, where the main objective is to seek competitive advantage. This is the significance of change management in business organization. EMPLOYEES The employees are the beneficiaries of change process. One such continuous apprehension of senior managers is to make organization highly consistent; therefore workers ought to be high performing and trained one in todays twitchy competitive new world. There is need of trained, reliable organization and high performing work practices. This is significance of change management in organizations. TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Technology is realized as the engine of development in todays new world. May be the greatest challenge for modern organizations is the integration and acquisition of technology in its approach, structure and procedure. As such the apprehension of top managers is how to avoid and mitigate organization being outdated and how to absorb and cope the collision of communication technologies and changing information which have determinedly influencing consumption behavior and production process. This is another major benefit of change management in the organization. Significance of Change Management Implementation The peak five well recognized approaches of change management and significance of change management in the organization, which, when implemented properly, permit organizations to decrease risk and increase IT effectiveness and efficiency. The practices comprise of: Producing the top bottom approach to endorse the requirement for a culture of Information technology change management process that implements a zero tolerance approach to illicit changes across the whole enterprise. It will create significance of change management inside and outside the organization. Examining and monitoring the number of unintentional outages frequently to avert illegitimate changes and maintain maximum control on information technology variations. It will also create significance of change management in the modern organization. Put into practice risk mitigation changes executed and authorized by identifying well-defined change preservation windows and implemented them. The significance of change management will explore through it. Determine change success rates and using them as standard for key information technology management performance gauge. This is one of the major significance of change management. SWOT ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AIRWAYS British Airways is engaged in air services operations both in international and domestic airfreight. It provides various services ranging in commercial flights service for passengers around the globe, cargo freight and mail services and other auxiliary services. British Airways primarily runs its business in Europe and in United States. Located in Harmondsworth, Middlesex, it employs 42, 755 people in all its departments. British Airways facilitates flight reservation and booking using the online net services in which customers can easily access. Trying to appear competitive and maintain its integrity as one of the best airlines which emphasizes quality customer services, BA strives to create high-end terminal facilities and other services involving comfortable of customers while onboard. BA reaches out to 570 in about 134 countries. Such magnitude of operations offers customers with variety of destinations with world-class services that cater customers ranging from explorers to exec utives. Strengths British Airways strengths include the first-rate new fleet of aircrafts purchased to accolade comfortable traveling of passengers. This move was made to counter the wretched state of travel and complaint received by the previous fleet used by British Airways. The magnitude of Airways operations allows them on pro over their competitors by servicing to a wider variety of customers. Moreover, on the level of knowledge and skills, BA operational research claimed that analytical skills performed by the members of the company and employees become its strengths. The strong customer focus develops expertise in customer areas while in purchasing high-end software for air services and wide selection of it strengthens the companys business orientation. Weaknesses One of the many weaknesses on organizations business and services is the lack of marketing strategy that will help reinforce its competitive standards, more so, to win customers loyalty. Despite the great infrastructure hosted the company, BA needs to carry out better market schemes to attract more customers. Hence, competitive package for customer service must be afforded in order to make the airline more attractive to its clients, prompting an opportunity of earning large revenues. Furthermore, on knowledge and skills management, limited knowledge of simulation software and simulation development, knowledge lost through high level of internal staff moves, teams adopt solution approaches aligned only to their skills, and lack of involvement in choice of software and difficulty to enhance specialist airline software are weaknesses which the company must be aware of. Threats The threats are not necessarily be found outside of companys environment but can be an internal. Internal threats as seen in management centralized and bureaucratic system and all poor decision-making. Moreover, the companys focus on national and local problems pose a threat since much more problems which it neglect found in the global scheme. It neglects the global problems instead focusing deeply on the national and local level. The global problems greatly offer tremendous threats if and when companies will ignore such. Moreover, globalization can be an opportunity and strength but can also be a threat if not to be keen and vigilant of its tricks and treachery. Further, rapid changes on technology and customers behavior can also be a threat if mistakenly interpreted and remedied. Opportunities The availability of immense services and products pose an opportunity to utilize them properly. The global changes can be an opportunity to work with while ignoring certain opportunities can be a weakness. In BA, virtual reality could provide a new use for simulation, obtaining network software and share expertise through special interest groups are opportunities which can be utilized and used to further enhance the companys business. Technological trends provide ample opportunities to various business domains, however, if it will be taken for granted, opportunities can be a threat or weakness. Maximizing the global trends is a great opportunity to hold on to. Methodology The proposed methodology for this dissertation is case study research. Case study research is a common and popular method of conducting research in the field of social sciences. In this methodology, an event, individuals, or group are investigated and explained. This in depth investigation focuses on defining the particular instance in either descriptive or explanatory manner. (Hartley, 2004) The methodology is not merely storytelling; rather it describes and explains the event in much detail so the reader could understand the reasons for that event/instance. The case studies are building with multiple sources of data and evidence. They are usually focused on one aspect of the organization rather than the whole organization itself. (Merriam, 1998) Case study method is quite useful if one wants to understand and estimate the impact of a certain event. It is important to understand that case study methodology can only be used when rich amount of data is available so the case can actual ly be built using it. (Eisenhardt, 1989) Although it is quite popular method of conducting the research, it has its weaknesses as well. Researchers have criticized it because they feel that this method lacks reliability. The reliability is questioned when case study is build using the secondary data. This criticism states that the research cannot be relied on as it lacks researchers own research efforts, and the case is built on the research that was already available. (Stake, 1995)However there are more strengths to this methodology than weaknesses. The method is particularly praised due to its usefulness in providing a holistic view of an event or phenomena. It is also admired due to multiple sources of data and evidence that are used to build case study, as it provides multiple insight into the phenomena. (Gillham, 2000) Types of case study Researchers have devised and explained several categories of case studies. One of the popular models used to explained categories of case studies is by Yin. He defines these categories in terms of the number of event and single or multiple methods of analysis. Type 1: Single case design and single unit of analysis Type 2: Single unit of analysis and multiple case designs Type 3: Single case design and multiple units of analysis Type 4: Multiple case designs and multiple units of analysis Yin has also devised three types of case study, Exploratory: Used for new topics and reveals the facts about a certain event. This type of research is normally the first one and sets direction for future research. Researchers agree that this research is more related to What question rather than the Why question. Descriptive: This type of case study research focuses on a clearly define problem or research question. Its focus is on How and Who question Explanatory: the last type of case study research is explanatory, which focuses on Why question. It is usually build in exploratory and descriptive research and tries to find out preseason for an events occurrence. (Yin, 2008) This particular research will be built on using explanatory case study method. As we already know what happened in British airways due to change management programs, however we need to search the question of Why it happened? Sources of Data for case study In order to build up a case study, data needs to be collected. This data gathering can either be primary or secondary. The primar